Genes are essentially patterns that are repeated over and over again. These patterns can then duplicate over and over with different outcomes based on how they pair up with each other. So what do these patterns look like?

There isn’t much understood science on how gene patterns are established when animals are born or created. There also isn’t a lot understood about how these patterns affect the shape of biological shapes overall.But there are a few promising studies.

There is some science to say that biological patterns, such as fractals in plants are caused by lack of cell movement. Growth and shape in plants is mainly controlled by four things. Growth rate,anisotropy, direction, and rotation. These traits are controlled by the actions of genes.

In 2003, a few scientists in the USA were able to create a few functioning simulations that proved that you can control gene expressions through playing with the regional identities, regionalizing morphogens, and polarizing morphogens of genes.

Link to study: https://www.pnas.org/content/101/14/4728/tab-article-info

Their simulation proved that patterns in plants are controlled by specific gene expression patterns. As well as cell mutations. They specifically simulated snapdragon petal growth to see how the genes and cells of the plant would affect it’s form.

One way of describing the growth of any structure is by the velocities at which it’s points move in relation to its fixed position. In a 3D software these velocities can be represented through vectors or vector fields.

Tracking the velocities of a growth pattern is important to do when you are attempting to map how individual leaves grow, or parts of a plant branch outwards. In a 3D sense it allows you to track cell movement, or where those points (cells) are traveling to.

Physically, you can also track cell movement in plants by marking a leaf or part of the plant with a pen.

Another way you can track cell movement is by representing and showcasing the regions of plants that have local growth characteristics. Every section of a plant has its own unique branching pattern, and the key is to figure out where the pattern starts, ends, and continues.

In each cell, in every organism, there is a liquid crystal layer in its membrane. Inside this membrane are receptors and effectors of the cell. A receptor is the part of the cell that receives information, and an effector produces a response to the information. Depending on how these two parts of the cell operate will determine how thick the cell is and overall awareness and evolution of a creature. The more receptors a cell has, the more that orgasim will evolve and change shape.